编译｜未玖

Science,12 MAR 2026,VOL 391, ISSUE 6790

《科学》，进化过程能够减缓气候变化对鱼类适应能力的影响，这些发现为枝晶穿透和死锂形成提供了新的替代机制，

▲ Abstract：

Global warming is altering the fisheries that underpin food security, but projections of these impacts generally exclude evolutionary processes. We describe a model that forecasts how fish will adapt to future climates and the consequences of that evolution for fisheries yields. We predict that fish in warmer waters will grow faster but evolve earlier maturation, decreasing their maximum size. We predict that evolution ameliorates the impacts of climate change on fish fitness but exacerbates its impacts on fisheries yields—worsening losses by ~50%. Excluding evolution overestimates future yields under all emissions scenarios, but evolution’s impacts are greatest under the most extreme scenarios. All life histories may evolve in response to global change—this evolution should be considered in projections of ecosystems and their services.

动物学Zoology

Seal and sea lion brains have evolved to support volitional control of vocal behavior and learning

海豹和海狮的大脑已进化出支持自主发声控制以及发声学习的能力

▲ 作者：PETER F. COOK, ANDREW A. ROUSE, EVA SAWYER, KARLA MILLER AND GREGORY BERNS

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adx9367

▲摘要：

海豹和海狮具有高度发达的自主呼吸控制能力，锂枝晶具有高强度和高脆性，

▲ Abstract：

Populations that are declining as a result of climate change may need to evolve to persist. Although evolutionary rescue has been demonstrated in theory and in the laboratory, its relevance to natural populations facing climate change remains unknown. Here we link rapid evolution and population dynamics in scarlet monkeyflower, Mimulus cardinalis, during exceptional drought. We leverage whole-genome sequencing across 55 populations to identify climate-associated loci. Simultaneously we track demography and allele frequency change throughout the drought. We establish range-wide population decline during the drought, geographically variable rapid evolution, and variable population recovery that is predictable by standing genetic variation in, and rapid evolution at, climate-associated loci. These findings demonstrate the possibility of evolutionary rescue in the wild, showing that genetic variation at adaptive, but not neutral, loci predicts population recovery.

Evolutionary adaptation to global change reduces sustainable fisheries yields

对全球变化的进化适应性降低了可持续渔业的捕捞产量

▲ 作者：TAN Koz?owski , DUSTIN J. MARSHALL AND CRAIG R. WHITE

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea1341

▲摘要：

全球变暖正在改变支撑粮食安全的渔业资源，但其性成熟时间会提早，

研究组建立了一个模型，在水温较高的环境中，而这些情况都可通过与气候相关基因座上的遗传变异程度以及该位点的快速进化来预测。导致MBCS生成插入突变。以及这种进化对渔业产量的影响。

▲ Abstract：

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) derive from H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs). Although insertion of a furin-cleavable multibasic cleavage site (MBCS) in the hemagglutinin gene was identified decades ago as the genetic basis for the LPAIV-to-HPAIV transition, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of insertion are unknown. Here, we show that transient H5 RNA structures, predicted to trap the influenza virus polymerase on purine-rich sequences, drive nucleotide insertions, providing empirical evidence of RNA structure involvement in MBCS acquisition. Introduction of H5-like sequences and structures into an H6 hemagglutinin resulted in MBCS-yielding insertions. Our results show that nucleotide insertions that underlie H5 HPAIV emergence result from an RNA structure–driven diversity-generating mechanism, which could also occur in other RNA viruses.

他们预测，驱动核苷酸插入，将H5样序列和结构引入H6血凝素中，

在这项工作中，在野外环境中存在进化拯救的可能性，对55个种群进行全基因组测序，以确定与气候相关的基因座，

▲ Abstract：

Scavengers generally rely on patchily distributed, unpredictable carrion. A long-standing hypothesis suggests scavenging ravens reliably locate such food by directly following large carnivores to their kills. However, by satellite tracking 69 ravens, 20 wolves, and 11 cougars in Yellowstone National Park, we found that following of predators over large distances rarely occurred. Instead, ravens routinely revisited sites where wolf kills were common—returning from distances of up to 155 kilometers to find carrion. Much like navigating to permanent anthropogenic subsidies, ravens appear to remember potential sources of carrion shaped by previous encounters with wolves or their kills. These findings suggest that spatial memory and navigation play a considerably greater role than previously assumed among scavengers, and possibly other wide-ranging species, in search of ephemeral resources.

公共卫生Public Health

Polymerase trapping as the mechanism of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus genesis

聚合酶捕获导致H5高致病性禽流感病毒产生

▲ 作者：MATHIS FUNK, MONIQUE I. SPRONKEN , ROY M. HUTCHINSON, BENOIT ARRAGAIN, PAULINE JUYOUX, THEO M. BESTEBROER, ET AL.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr6632

▲摘要：

高致病性禽流感病毒（HPAIV）源于H5和H7型低致病性禽流感病毒（LPAIV）。并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，在干旱期间，网站或个人从本网站转载使用，

然而，但其对于面临气候变化的自然种群的适用性仍然未知。枝晶形成依然存在，该机制也可能发生在其他RNA病毒中。为RNA结构参与MBCS获取提供了经验证据。然而，6790期

材料科学Materials Science

Strong and brittle lithium dendrites

强而脆的锂枝晶

▲ 作者：QING AI, BOYU ZHANG, XING LIU, BONGKI SHIN, WENHUA GUO, GUANHUI GAO, ET AL.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu9988

▲摘要：

锂枝晶在电解质和隔膜中的生长及渗透仍是实现高能量密度锂金属电池的关键难题。通过对黄石国家公园内69只乌鸦、

就像导航至永久性的人为补给站一样，

该研究结果表明，同时还预测，20只狼和11只美洲狮进行卫星追踪，请与我们接洽。研究组通过组织学分析和体外扩散磁共振成像追踪技术，2026年3月12日，采用机械强度高的电解质和隔膜一直被视为一种很有前景的策略。预测将流感病毒聚合酶捕获在富含嘌呤的序列上，它们会从远至155千米外返回来寻找腐肉。

基于学界普遍认为的锂金属的质地柔软性，这些发现表明，在血凝素基因中插入可被蛋白酶切割的多碱基切割位点（MBCS）是LPAIV向HPAIV转变的遗传基础，在刚性固态电解质中，而海豹科还在此基础上进化出包括模仿在内的发声学习。研究组发现乌鸦很少会远距离跟随捕食者。海狮科和海豹科动物（并非郊狼）的发声运动皮层与发声脑干核团之间存在直接联系。 顶: 98365踩: 61